Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Data Science:  A Critical Review

The artificial intelligence (AI) has been used as a revolutionary technology in contemporary data science, which has improved capacity to process enormous and sophisticated data, forecasting and automation. Thse conceptual underpinnings, historical development, and the most important AI methods, including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, which enable data science are reviewed. It also discusses its use in practical healthcare, finance, marketing, transportation, and smart cities, and identifies such advantages as efficiency, predictive accuracy and automation. Challenges, such as data quality, bias, interpretability, and ethical considerations are also mentioned, and the future trends addressed are AutoML, explainable AI, and edge computing, which would allow a responsible and innovative future.