Review of Cybersecurity Threats and Their Impact on Information Technology

With the growing reliance on information technology and interdependent digital systems, cybersecurity has emerged as a key issue. This review will cover the primary threats to cybersecurity: malware, ransom ware, and phishing, and social engineering, denial of service, insider threats and advanced persistent threats. It covers its implications to confidentiality of data, integrity of systems, availability of services, financial performance and operations of organizations. The review also examines the threats and countermeasures to cybersecurity such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, network monitoring, employee awareness and incident response. Moreover, the emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, IoT, 5G and Quantum Computing are explored in regard to future cyber security challenges and research areas.